Work vehicle composite panoramic vision systems

A composite panoramic vision system utilized onboard a work vehicle includes a display device, a vehicle-mounted camera array, and a controller. The vehicle-mounted camera array includes, in turn, first and second vehicle cameras having partially overlapping fields of view and positioned to capture first and second camera feeds, respectively, of the work vehicle's exterior environment from different first vantage points. During operation of the composite panoramic vision system, the controller receives the first and second camera feeds from the first and second cameras, respectively; generates a composite panoramic image of the work vehicle's exterior environment from at least the first and second camera feeds; and then presents the composite panoramic image on the display device for viewing by an operator of the work vehicle.