Method and apparatus for machine learning

A machine learning apparatus determines an order in which numerical values in an input dataset are to be entered to a neural network for data classification, based on a reference pattern that includes an array of reference values to provide a criterion for ordering the numerical values. The machine learning apparatus then calculates an output value of the neural network whose input-layer neural units respectively receive the numerical values arranged in the determined order. The machine learning apparatus further calculates an input error at the input-layer neural units, based on a difference between the calculated output value and a correct classification result indicated by a training label. The machine learning apparatus updates the reference values in the reference pattern, based on the input error at the input-layer neural units.