Surface-wave antenna, antenna array and use of an antenna or an antenna array

The invention relates to an antenna designed to emit and/or receive surface waves with a decametric, hectometric or kilometric central wavelength λ0, characterised in that it comprises at least one horizontal wire aerial element of between 0.5λ0 and λ0 in length, and at least three vertical wire aerial elements of the same length between 0.03λ0 and 0.1λ0, arranged in a same plane and each comprising an upper end and a lower end, said upper ends being connected to the horizontal wire aerial element, said lower ends being designed to be connected to a conducting medium having a substantially horizontal surface. The invention also relates to an antenna, an antenna array and a use of an antenna or of an antenna array.