Matched TCR joule heater designs for electrostatic chucks

A substrate support for supporting a substrate in a substrate processing system includes a plurality of thermal elements. The thermal elements are arranged in one or more thermal zones, and each of the thermal zones includes at least one of the thermal elements. Each of the thermal elements includes a first resistive material having a positive thermal coefficient of resistance and a second resistive material having a negative thermal coefficient of resistance. The second resistive material is electrically connected to the first resistive material. At least one of the first resistive material and the second resistive material of each of the thermal elements is electrically connected to a power supply to receive power, and each of the thermal elements heats a respective one of the thermal zones based on the received power. At least one ceramic layer is arranged adjacent to the thermal elements.