Metagenomics-based biological surveillance system using big data profiles

A method comprises obtaining results of metagenomics sequencing performed on biological samples from respective sample sources, generating hit abundance score vectors for respective ones of the samples based at least in part on the metagenomics sequencing results, obtaining epidemiological data relating to at least one of a disease, infection or contamination characterized by one or more of the hit abundance score vectors, and generating patient comparative indexes based at least in part on the epidemiological data. The method further comprises obtaining one or more Big Data profiles relating to one or more of the hit abundance score vectors and one or more of the comparative indexes, and providing surveillance functionality utilizing a combination of the hit abundance score vectors and the patient comparative indexes based at least in part on information derived from the one or more Big Data profiles.