Storage case and dental brushing set

To provide a storage case and a dental brushing set capable of minimizing decreases in convenience that can occur together with removal of a cap from a case body when opening and closing an opening for taking out or inserting a container in which a toothbrush and an oral cleaning agent are stored. A storage case comprising: a case body that is provided with a case member equipped with a first space in which a part of a toothbrush and a container holding an oral cleaning agent can be stored and a opening by which it is possible to remove the toothbrush and the container from the first space, and a lid member for opening and closing the opening; and a cap that can be detachably attached to the case body on one end side of the case body in the lengthwise direction and that is equipped with a second space in which a part of the toothbrush differing from the part stored in the first space can be stored while said cap is attached to the case body. The lid member makes it possible to open or close the opening while