Latex composition and one-pack aqueous adhesive

Provided is a latex composition suitable for use in a one-pack aqueous adhesive that has an excellent balance of excellent initial adhesive strength, storage stability, and spray coatability, and that forms a flexible adhesive layer after drying. Also provided is a one-pack aqueous adhesive using the latex composition. This latex composition contains: 100 parts by mass of a latex mixture containing 50-85 mass%, in terms of solid content, of a chloroprene polymer latex containing a chloroprene polymer, and 15-50 mass%, in terms of solid content, of an acrylic polymer latex containing an acrylic polymer having a glass transition temperature of -40 DEG C to -10 DEG C; and 3-6 parts by mass, in terms of solid content, of a 5% boric acid aqueous solution or a pH regulator selected from amino acids having an isoelectric point of 5.5-6.5. The chloroprene polymer is preferably a chloroprene homopolymer, a copolymer of chloroprene and 2,3-dichloro-1,3-butadiene, or a mixture of said homopolymer and said copolymer.