Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy arrangement and system

The present invention relates to a hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) system 100 comprising an X-ray tube 10 providing a beam of photons which is directed through the system so as to excite electrons from an illuminated sample. The X-ray tube is connected to a monochromator vacuum chamber 70 in which a crystal is configured to monochromatize and focus the beam onto an illuminated sample, placed in an analysis chamber 45. An electron energy analyser 50 is mounted onto the analysis chamber to enable examination of the sample. A gap 66 is provided between the X-ray tube and the monochromator chamber, which gap is further provided with a first radiation trap 60, 62, 64 to shield the ambient from radiation when the gap is illuminated with X-rays from the tube.