METHOD OF ELECTROCHEMICAL OBTAINING OF METAL BORIDE POWDERS (VARIANTS)

FIELD: nanotechnologies.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a process for the production of nano- or micron-sized powders of metal borides by high-temperature electrochemical synthesis in an ionic melt without electrolysis. Ionic melt is obtained by charging a sealed electrolyte cell in the crucible, containing a metal salt and halides or oxyhalides of alkali or alkaline earth metals, and expendable components in the form of powders of metal and boron of micron sizes, vacuum pumping of the cell with simultaneous heating to operating temperatures of synthesis of the metal boride and filling the space of the cell with working gas in the form of argon or air. Anionic-cationic composition of the ionic melt is maintained to provide a more negative, more than 0.5 V, the electrochemical potential of the metal than the boron potential, for carrying out in above mentioned ionic melt electrochemical transport reactions, at which dissolution and spontaneous transfer of metal to boron, the synthesis of the metal boride with its crystallization and the formation of a nanosized metal boride powder are ensured. In other embodiments of the invention, as a result of electrochemical transport reactions, boron dissolution and its spontaneous transfer to the metal, the synthesis of the metal boride by diffusion of boron into the crystal structure of the metal and the formation of a micron-sized metal boride powder, or the dissolution of metal and boron and their spontaneous countertransfer, synthesis of the metal boride by crystallization and diffusion of boron into the crystal structure of the metal and the formation of a metal boride powder of nano or microsize.EFFECT: nano- and micro-dimensional high-purity metal boride powders are obtained.3 cl, 5 ex Изобретение относится к способу получения нано- или микроразмерных порошков боридов металлов путем высокотемпературного электрохимического синтеза в ионном расплаве без электролиза. Получают ионный расплав путем загрузки в тигель герметичного электролизера электролита, содержащего соль металла и галогениды или оксигалогениды щелочных или щелочноземельных металлов, и расходуемых компонентов в виде порошков металла и бора микронных размеров, вакуумной откачки электролизера с одновременным нагревом до рабочих температур синтеза борида металла и заполнения пространства электролизера рабочим газом в виде аргона или воздуха. Осуществляют поддержание анионно-катионного состава ионного расплава с обеспечением более отрицательного, более