Forming a coating containing solid particles on the surface of a substrate

Procedure for applying a coating onto a selected surface of a second substrate comprises the successive stages of: (a) applying a liquid coating material containing solid particles having a size of 10-200 ~mm in a pigment volume concentration of 3-80 % to a surface of a first substrate; (b) partially or fully hardening the liquid coating material to form a hardened coating on the first substrate; (c) contacting the semi- or fully hardened coating with the selected surface of the second substrate, wherein the second substrate is in a liquid or deformable plastic state which can be converted into a solid state, or the selected surface may carry a liquid component which can be converted into a solid state; and (d) converting the second substrate or the liquid component into the solid state so that the hardened coating is transferred from the surface of the first substrate to the selected surface of the second substrate, whereby the coating in the hardened state has a thickness of 20- 300 ~mm and an irregularly shaped interface is formed between the coating and the second substrate.