Self-drilling hollow rock bolt applicable to soft rock roadways

The present invention provides a self-drilling hollow rock bolt applicable to soft rock roadways in coal mines. By arranging the propulsion unit in the inner cavity of the rock bolt tendon, the spiral rod in the propulsion unit enters the gap between limiting blocks of the sliding part from the bottom of the hollow cavity of the rock bolt tendon at the upper end to drive the sliding part to rotate during upward propulsion, and further drive the rock bolt tendon to rotate when the ratchet at the upper end of the sliding part moves upwards until it enters the lower fixed end and engages with the internal gear, making the rock bolt tendon drill upwards under the action of this rotating force until the upper end of the spiral rod moves to the top of the rock bolt tendon, and then the spiral rod is pulled downwards. At this moment, the ratchet slides downwards under the action of the spiral rod and no longer contacts the internal gear. In addition, the spiral rod can drive debris out when pulled downwards. These steps are repeated until the rock bolt drills into the surrounding rock. The present invention integrates drilling and anchoring to simplify installation steps of rock bolts; for soft rock formations, it achieves automatic drilling of rock bolts during drilling of holes to avoid holes? collapse.