Hot gas rapid cooling system

The present invention relates to a rapid cooling device for high-temperature gases, which prevent corrosion of the device by blocking contact between high-temperature gases and the wall surface of a cooling device using a helical water film formed through a water film forming nozzle installed tangentially, thereby extending the device's lifespan, and which can maximize cooling efficiency by sequentially undergoing multiple stages of the cooling process. The rapid cooling device comprises: a first cooling device, of which one side is connected to an incinerator and the other side is connected to a circulation water tank (50); and a second cooling device, of which one side is coupled to the circulation water tank, and the other side is connected to a dust collector. A first water jacket, which receives circulating water from a circulation water tank, is coupled to the outer circumferential surface of the top of the first cooling device, and a plurality of water film forming nozzles are tangentially formed on the outer circumferential surface of the first cooling device located inside the first water jacket to prevent high-temperature gases from being in contact with the inner wall surface of the first cooling device by inducing circulating water inside to form a tangential and helical water film. Therefore, the rapid cooling device forms the tangential and helical water film on the inner surface of the first cooling device by tangentially coupling the plurality of water film forming nozzles to the first cooling device, thereby preventing thermal stress due to severe temperature gradients between the high-temperature gases and the wall surface of the cooling device, and extending the lifespan of the device by preventing corrosion of the inner surface of the device due to acidic components. Additionally, the rapid cooling device can maximize cooling efficiency by sequential cooling of a first inlet and a second inlet, a first spray part and a second spray part of the first cooling device and the second cooling device. 본 발명은 접선상 설치된 수막형성노즐을 통해 형성된 나선형의 수막을 이용하여 고온가스와 냉각장치 벽체면의 접촉을 차단함으로써 장치의 부식을 방지하여 수명을 연장할 수 있으며, 여러 단계의 냉각과정을 순차적으로 거치면서 냉각효율을 극대화할 수 있는 고온가스 급속 냉각장치에 관한 것으로, 일측이 소각로와 연결되고, 타측은 순환수조(50)와 연결되는 제1냉각장치와; 상기 순환수조에 일측이 결합되고, 타측은 집진장치와 연결되는 제2냉각장치;로 구성되며, 상기 제1냉각장치의 상단부에는 상기 순환수조로부터 순환수를 공급받는 제1물재킷이 외주면에 결합되고, 상기 제1물재킷의 내측에 위치한 제1냉각장치의 외주면에는 내측으로 순환수를 유입하여 접선 및 나선형의 수막을 형성함으로써 고온가스가 제1냉각장치의 내측 벽면에 접촉하는 것을 차단할 수 있도록 복수의 수막형성노즐이 접선상으로 형성된 것을 특징으로 한다. 따