CHARGING MEMBER, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME, PROCESS CARTRIDGE, AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a charging member that can maintain high charging performance even after a long-term use.SOLUTION: A charging member comprises a conductive substrate and a conductive elastic layer as a surface layer. The conductive elastic layer has its surface roughened; the conductive elastic layer, in a core part defined by its three-dimensional surface property standard (ISO25178-2:2012), has an average Mc of the Martens hardness measured with a press force of 0.04 mN of 2 N/mmor more and 20 N/mmor less, and an average value Vc of the viscosity measured by a scanning type probe microscope at a field of view of 2 μm angle of 70 mV or less.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1 【課題】長期に亘って使用した場合にも高い帯電性能を維持し得る帯電部材の提供。【解決手段】該帯電部材は、導電性支持体と、表面層である導電性弾性層とを有し、該導電性弾性層は、その表面が粗面化されており、該導電性弾性層は、その三次元表面性状規格（ＩＳＯ２５１７８−２：２０１２）で定義されるコア部において、０．０４ｍＮの押込み力で測定されるマルテンス硬度の平均値Ｍｃが、２Ｎ／ｍｍ２以上２０Ｎ／ｍｍ２以下であり、かつ、走査型プローブ顕微鏡により視野２μｍ角で測定される粘性の平均値Ｖｃが、７０ｍＶ以下である。【選択図】図１