Multi-omic assessment

A method comprises assaying proteins in a biofluid obtained from a subject identified as having a lung nodule to obtain protein measurements, applying a classifier to the protein measurements to evaluate the lung nodule. The method may be such that (i) the classifier comprises a performance characteristic in identifying the nodules as cancerous or non-cancerous, which is an average or median area under the curve (AUC) of a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of greater than 0.7, as determined in a data set derived from a randomized, controlled trial of over 20 subjects having cancerous lung nodules and over 20 control subjects having non-cancerous lung nodules, and as determined in a data set without including clinical features in the classifier. Alternatively, the method may be such that (ii) the classifier is generated using proteomic data obtained by contacting training samples with particles such that the particles adsorb proteins in the training samples, and assaying the proteins adsorbed. Alternatively, the method may be such that (iii) assaying the proteins comprises contacting the biofluid sample with particles to adsorb the proteins to the particles, and obtaining the protein measurements from the adsorbed particles.