High temperature superconducting current lead assembly for cyrogenic apparatus

A cryogen system lead assembly or a cryogen system or a method of making a lead assembly of a cryogenic system, comprises: developing a three-dimensional model of a heat exchanger 202 with a plurality of channels extending from a first end to a second end, where the cross section may be reduced and/or the thermal surfaces increased; additively manufacturing the modified heat exchanger model; and connecting a high temperature superconducting (HTS) assembly 118 to the second end of the heat exchanger 202. The HTS assembly 118 may include a HTS material strip. The cross-sectional area of the heat exchanger 202 may be minimized and the thermal surface area may be maximized by providing a plurality of fins extending axially and forming linear or spiral channels and/or zigzagging baffles. The HTS strip may be encased in electrically and thermally insulating material, possibly G-10. The heat exchanger 202 may be designed using computer simulation to have a first end at 150 Kelvin and the second end at 50 Kelvin during a ramping mode of operation.