Real-time water flood optimal control with remote sensing

A method includes generating kth, (k+1)th, . . . , (kfinal)th control inputs for actuating flow control devices of a production well and/or an injection well of a well system during corresponding sampling steps k, (k+1), . . . , kfinal, actuating the flow control devices during the kth step using the kth control input, measuring a position of a fluid front and a dynamic state of the well system during the kth step; predicting a dynamic state of the well system at each step (k+1), . . . , kfinal using a state predictor, updating the (k+1)th, . . . , (kfinal)th control inputs based on the predicted dynamic states, optimizing the (k+1)th, . . . , (kfinal)th control inputs using a desired cost function, actuating the flow control devices during the (k+1)th step using the optimized value for the (k+1)th step, and measuring the position of the fluid front and a dynamic state of the well system during the (k+1)th step.