Flow heater with thick film heaters; Associations of thick film elements with heat dissipaters

A flow heating arrangement where the surface of the support plate for a film heater remote from the heater is in contact with liquid to be heated . The liquid passes though a tortuous route defined by a channel plate which is secured to the substrate and thus defines channels. The elements 26 may align with the channels or the conductive connection areas between channel member 21 and substrate 25. Alternatively tubes 15 carrying the liquid to be heated may be brazed 16 to the element 3. The invention also relates to a combination of an electrical heating element 3 comprising a substrate 4, an insulating layer 5 located on the substrate and a thick film conductor 6 located on the insulating layer and a heat dissipater 2, wherein the second side of the metallic substrate is in contact with the heat dissipater, and wherein the substrate is brazed 7 to the heat dissipater (Figs 1,2 not shown), the surface of the heating element over which the thick film conductor extends being substantially equal to the surface of the heat dissipater.