Hydrocarbon Conversion Catalysts

1,178,594. Cracking catalysts. ESSO RESEARCH & ENG. CO. 19 June, 1967, No. 28073/67. Heading B1E. [Also in Divisions C1 and C5] A hydrocarbon conversion catalyst comprises a crystalline alumino-silicate zeolite containing manganese cations and 0.01 to 5.0 weight % of a platinum group metal or metal compound and less than 10% by weight of alkali metal oxide. The zeolite may also contain cationic species such as hydrogen or hydrogen precursor ions to lower the alkali metal oxide content so that the zeolite contains no more than 0.25 equivalent per gram atom of aulminium of alkali metal cations. Other mono- or polyvalent ions may be substituted for a portion of the residual alkali metal oxide, the metals preferably belonging to Groups IB, IIA, IIB and IIIA of the Periodic Table as well as the Lanthanum and Actinium series. The zeolite may be a synthetic Faujasite having uniform pore openings of between 6 and 15A and a silica to alumina mole ratio above about 3. The catalyst usually contains 0.5 to 10 weight % of manganese oxide and may be mixed in an inorganic oxide matrix such as clay, silica gel, or a cogel of silica and at least one other metal oxide from Groups IIA, IIIA, IVB of the Periodic Table, and mixtures thereof. The mixture can contain between 1 to 50 wt % of the zeolite and between 50 to 99 wt % of the matrix. The catalyst may be prepared by adding sodium aluminate and sodium hydroxide to an aqueous sol of colloidal silica then heating and aging. The zeolite product is then subjected to cationic exchange with a manganese sulphate solution and is then treated with a platinum or palladium salt or ammonium complex e.g. ammonium chloroplatinate or palladium chloride. The catalysts can be used for cracking and hydrocracking processes under conditions comprising temperatures between 500 to 1000‹F, pressures between 0 to 500 p.s.i.g. and space velocities between 0.2 to 20 volumes of feed per volume of catalyst per hour.