IN-SITU CROSSLINKING OF 9,9`-SPIROBIFLUORENE-BASED COMPOUNDS FOR USE IN OPTOELECTRONIC AND/OR PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICES AND MANUFACTURE THEREOF

The 9,9'-spirobifluorene-based compounds and mixtures including 9,9'-spirobifluorene compounds with crosslinkable functional groups and compounds with two or more thiol groups, can stabilize one or more underlying layers of the hole transporting layer and/or interlayer during liquid fabrication process of optoelectronic and/or photoelectrochemical devices. More particularly, the compounds are hole transport materials that include crosslinkable functional groups covalently bonded to 9,9'-spirobifluorene hole transporting structure and mixtures including hole transporting crosslinkable 9,9'-spirobifluorene and thiol derivatives, which may crosslink, such as by exposure to UV, visible light, and/or heat. Photovoltaic devices may employ these compounds and mixtures in crosslinked forms.