FIXING ROTATING MEMBER, FIXING APPARATUS, AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

A fixing rotating member comprising: a substrate comprising a resin; an electro-conductive layer on the substrate; and a resinous layer on a surface of the electro-conductive layer, the surface being opposed to a side of the electro-conductive layer facing the substrate, the electro-conductive layer extending in a circumferential direction of an outer peripheral surface of the substrate, the electro-conductive layer comprising silver, the electro-conductive layer having, in a thickness direction thereof, a through-hole, wherein at least a part of the through-hole is penetrated by a resin that constitutes at least a part of the resinous layer.