METHOD FOR MONITORING THE STATE OF MECHANICAL COMPONENTS ON A SHAFT LINE, ASSOCIATED MONITORING DEVICE AND SYSTEM

The invention relates to a method for monitoring the state of mechanical components of the bearing and gear mechanism type on a shaft line which is fitted to a rotary machine. The method comprises a step (E10) of obtaining at least one absolute acceleration measurement yc[k] for the shaft and a set of steps of: - obtaining (E20) a value fr[k] for the rotation frequency of the shaft, - determining (E30) a matrix H[k] which makes it possible to define a state model described by: (I) - determining (E40) an estimator of the vector x[k] as a function of data of the state model, the set of steps further comprising, for at least one mechanical component, steps of: - determining (E50), from the estimator, a characteristic quantity of a contribution of the component to the vector Y[k], - comparing (E60) the quantity with a threshold, - detecting (E70) a potential fault in the at least one mechanical component as a function of the comparison result.