SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF A SAMPLE

Apparatus and methods for spectral analysis of a sample are described, for example for carrying out Raman or other optical or spectroscopic analysis of samples such as pharmaceutical dosage forms, including oral solid dosage forms such as tablets or capsules. Such apparatus may comprise delivery optics arranged to direct probe light to a delivery region of the sample, collection optics arranged to collect probe light scattered from a collection region of the sample, and a spectrometer having an entrance port, the spectrometer being arranged to receive the collected probe light from the collection optics at the entrance port of the spectrometer, and to detect spectral features in the received probe light. In particular, the collection optics may comprise Koehler integration optics arranged to process the collected probe light such that the collected light from each point of the collection region is distributed across the entrance port of the spectrometer.