RAIL VEHICLE AND RAIL VEHICLE VENTILATION DEVICE THEREFOR

Disclosed is a rail vehicle ventilation device, comprising an air inlet drum. Two side faces of the air inlet drum are provided with a first air port (1) and a second air port (9), a top portion of the air inlet drum is provided with a top air port (10), and a bottom portion of the air inlet drum is provided with an air outlet (11), wherein the first air port is arranged opposite the second air port, and in a free state, the top air port, the first air port, the second air port and the air outlet communicate with one another. A first flow guide plate (3), a second flow guide plate (7), and a connecting rod (4) hinged between the first flow guide plate and the second flow guide plate are arranged in the air inlet drum, wherein a top portion of the first flow guide plate is hinged to a position, located above the first air port, on the air inlet drum; a top portion of the second flow guide plate is hinged to a position, located above the second air port, on the air inlet drum; the first flow guide plate and the second flow guide plate constitute a trapezoid connecting rod structure by means of the connecting rod, and an upper end of the connecting rod structure is a large-diameter end; and the second flow guide plate can swing to a state where the second air port is sealed. Further disclosed is a rail vehicle comprising the ventilation device. According to the ventilation device, the angle between a flow guide plate and a corresponding air port is automatically adjusted according to a change in vehicle speed, and a ventilation quantity can be ensured when a vehicle operates at a high speed.