GAS PERMEABLE ELECTRODES AND ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS

An electrode for a water splitting device, the electrode comprising a gas permeable material, a second material, for example a further gas permeable material, a spacer layer positioned between the gas permeable material and the second material, the spacer layer providing a gas collection layer and a conducting layer. The conducting layer can be provided adjacent to or at least partially within the gas permeable material. The gas collection layer is able to transport gas internally in the electrode. The gas permeable materials can be gas permeable membranes. Also disclosed are electrochemical cells using such an electrode as the cathode and/or anode, and methods for bringing about gas-to-liquid or liquid-to-gas transformations, for example for producing hydrogen.