CONTRAWOUND ANTENNA

An antenna is disclosed that has windings that are contrawound in segments on a toroid form and that have opposed currents on selected segments. An antenna is disclosed that has one or more insulated conductor circuits with windings that are contrawound around and over a surface, such as a spherical surface, a generally spherical surface, a multiply connected surface, a toroidal surface, or a hemispherical surface. The insulated conductor circuits may form one or more endless conductive paths around and over the surface. The windings may have a helical pattern, a generally helical pattern, a partially helical pattern, a poloidal peripheral pattern or may be constructed from a slotted conductor on the toroid. Poloidal loop winds are disclosed with a toroid hub on a toroid that has two plates that provides a capacitive feed to the loops, which are selectively connected to one of the plates.