IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRODIALYSIS INCLUDING FILLED CELL ELECTRODIALYSIS (ELECTRODEIONIZATION)

Improved electrodialysis (ED) stacks are disclosed having one or more components selected from the group: a) cation exchange membranes having ion exchange groups predominantly sulfonic acid groups and a minor amount of weakly acidic and/or weakly basic groups or membranes which are selective to mono...

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Hauptverfasser:	BATCHELDER, BRUCE, T, GOLDSTEIN, ARTHUR, L, SIMS, KEITH, J, ELYANOW, IRVING, D, MACRAE, WAYNE, A, ZHANG, LI, MACDONALD, RUSSELL, J
Format:	Patent
Sprache:	eng ; fre ; ger
Schlagworte:	CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOIDCHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY COMPOUNDS THEREOF DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER, CHEESE FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS HUMAN NECESSITIES INORGANIC CHEMISTRY MAKING THEREOF METALLURGY MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS PERFORMING OPERATIONS PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL SEPARATION THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS THEIR TREATMENT, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES TRANSPORTING TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Beschreibung
Zusammenfassung:	Improved electrodialysis (ED) stacks are disclosed having one or more components selected from the group: a) cation exchange membranes having ion exchange groups predominantly sulfonic acid groups and a minor amount of weakly acidic and/or weakly basic groups or membranes which are selective to monovalent cations and simultaneously therewith, cation exchange granules selective to monovalent cations as packing in the dilute compartments; b) anion exchange membranes having as ion exchange groups only quaternary ammonium and/or quaternary phosphonium groups and substantially no primary, secondary and/or tertiary amine and/or phosphine groups or membranes which are selective to monovalent anions simultaneously therewith, anion exchange granules selective to monovalent anions as packing in the dilute compartments; c) as packing in the dilute compartment, anion exchange granules which are selective to monovalent anions, or cation exchange granules which are selective to monovalent cations, or cation exchange granules having as exchange groups a predominant amount of sulfonic acid groups and a minor amount of weakly acidic and/or weakly basic groups, or anion exchange granules consisting of organic polymers having as anion exchange groups only quaternary ammonium and/or quaternary phosphonium groups and almost no primary, secondary and/or tertiary amine and/or phosphine groups.