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1,217,753. Bacterial fractions. CARTERWALLACE, Inc. 21 Oct., 1968 [24 Oct., 1967], No. 49812/68. Heading A5B. Bacterial fractions (protodyne) capable of increasing the resistance to infectious agents in warm-blooded animals and having a low degree of toxicity and pyrogenicity having (a) a content of proteinaceous material of 85% by weight or higher; (b) a content of glucosamine of 2% by weight or less; (c) a content of lipid, expressed in terms of free fatty acid of 2% by weight or less; (d) a content of carbohydrate of 2% by weight or less; (e) an extinction coefficient, measured at 280 mÁ using a 1% w/v solution of protodyne in 0.1N NaOH solution, in the range of 9 to 23; and being (f) stable when heated in distilled water; 0.1N acetic acid, 0.01N ammonium hydroxide, or in buffer (pH 8.6) for 5 mins., at 100‹C and (g) soluble in 0.1N NaOH, slightly soluble in 4M urea solution and insoluble in water, 1NHCl and 0.1N HCl (at a concentration of 10 mg. of protodyne per millilitre of solvent), are prepared by disrupting or disintegrating cells of gram-negative micro-organisms at about 4‹C to obtain the bacterial protoplasm therefrom, separating the phenol-soluble protoplasm from the cell wall materials as the phenol phase of a phenol extraction at about 68‹C and precipitating and dialyzing at about 4‹C and lyophilizing from the phenol-soluble protoplasm, a colourless amorphous solid protodyne fraction. The microorganisms may be Escherichia coli, Achromobacter xerosis or Serratia narcesens. The disruption or disintegration of the cells may be performed by zeolite cell disruption, mechanical pressure cell disintegration or freeze-thaw cell disruption.