Funnel vortex generators and heat exchange (transfer) surfaces for heat exchangers

The invention encompasses shapes, arrangements and the production of generators of funnel vortices for increasing heat transfer at heat exchange surfaces for free and/or forced convection. The axes of the funnel vortices are aligned essentially in the main flow direction and the funnel vortices circulate the heat transfer medium in a pinpointed fashion. Owing to the strong rotation generated in the flow at right angles to the main flow direction, the warm or cold fluid layers near the wall continuously replace the cold or warm fluid layers away from the wall and produce a substantial rise in the heat transfer in conjunction with a relatively slight rise in the pressure losses and/or flow losses. The invention further relates to heat exchange surfaces with funnel vortex generators. Technical applications are heat exchange surfaces of finned (fin-and-tube) heat exchangers, gilled heat exchangers, plate heat exchangers and spiral heat exchangers, as well as heaters, radiators, convectors, housings of calorific electrical and electronic devices, radiant heat exchangers, central volumetric and/or tube-type radiation detectors for the use of solar radiation at high temperature and, furthermore, condensers and evaporators of refrigeration plants or condensers of dry-cooling towers.