Tank body provided with top protection device and railway tank car

The utility model discloses a tank body with a top protection device and a railway tank car, and aims to solve the problems that various components at the top of the conventional tank body are easy to damage and are arranged in a scattered manner, so that inconvenience is brought to operation. The tank specifically comprises a cylindrical tank body, a manhole neck, a large manhole cover and a protective cover, components such as a safety valve group and a vent valve are distributed at the top of the tank body, and the manhole neck, the large manhole cover and the protective cover are located at the top of the tank body and sequentially arranged from bottom to top. An inner cavity of the protective cover is separated from an inner cavity of the manhole neck by the large manhole cover, and the inner cavity of the manhole neck is communicated with an inner cavity of the tank body; a plurality of drainage holes communicated with the inner cavity of the manhole neck are formed in the manhole large cover; the safet