Temporary handrail structure and bridge construction system

The utility model relates to a temporary handrail structure and a bridge construction system, which are used for being installed on a beam plate. The first mounting plate is fixed to one side of the protection rod, and the first mounting plate is provided with a first notch for allowing the beam plate to be inserted therein; the nut is fixed on one side of the first mounting plate; the bolt is matched with the nut, and the bolt is used for penetrating through the nut to abut against the beam plate. According to the temporary handrail structure and the bridge construction system, after the beam plate is inserted into the first notch, the bolt can penetrate through the nut to abut against the surface of the beam plate, so that the temporary handrail structure is stably fixed to the edge of the beam plate, the first mounting plate and the bolt make contact with the surface of the beam plate, and a protection rod and the beam plate do not need to be welded; therefore, the beam surface is not easy to damage, and m