Centrifuge rotor locking structure and centrifuge

The centrifuge rotor locking structure comprises a first locking element rotating around a first driving shaft, the first locking element is provided with a first near end, a first far end and a firsttail end extending inwards from the first near end, and the first tail end is provided with a first arc surface protruding inwards; the second locking elements are symmetrically and oppositely arranged and rotate around the second driving shaft, each second locking element is provided with a second near end, a second far end and a second tail end extending inwards from the second near end, and each second tail end is provided with a second arc surface protruding inwards; the diameters of the conical end parts are sequentially increased from top to bottom; the conical end part operably moves upwards to extend between the first tail end and the second tail end or moves downwards to retreat from the position between the first tail end and the second tail end; and when the conical end part extends between the first l