Quick opening and closing device of fume collecting hood

The utility model discloses a quick opening and closing device of a smoke collecting hood, which comprises the smoke collecting hood, a pull rope and a buffer device, the smoke collecting hood is arranged above a furnace mouth and is rotationally connected with the furnace mouth, a smoke outlet is formed in the side edge of the smoke collecting hood and is communicated with a smoke exhaust pipeline, one end of the pull rope is connected with the smoke collecting hood, and the middle of the pull rope is pulled by a pulley; a buckling block is arranged on the edge of the smoke collecting hood, abuckling groove matched with the buckling block is formed in the position, corresponding to the buckling block, of the furnace mouth, a buffer device is arranged at the position, above the buckling groove, of the furnace mouth, the buffer device comprises a first buffer groove, a spring and a piston rod, the first buffer groove is located in the furnace mouth, and the spring is installed in the first buffer groove. The p