Method for recovering lithium, sodium, carbon, fluorine and aluminum from cryolite-containing solid waste in electrolytic aluminum plant

The invention discloses a method for recycling lithium, sodium, carbon, fluorine and aluminum from cryolite-containing solid waste in an electrolytic aluminum plant. The method comprises the following steps: S1, pretreatment; s2, leaching reaction; s3, primary solid-liquid separation; s4, treating the leachate; and S5, treatment of leaching residues. The method has the advantages that (1) alkaline calcium and waste cryolite are mixed for alkaline leaching, cyanide in alkaline leaching liquid is treated in a high-temperature hydrolysis mode, no hydrogen cyanide or hydrogen fluoride gas is generated, and the safety is improved; (2) cheap alkaline calcium such as carbide slag and calcium hydroxide is used as auxiliary materials for alkaline leaching recovery of cryolite-containing solid waste produced by an electrolytic aluminum factory, so that the use of acid is reduced, and the recovery cost is greatly reduced; and (3) by utilizing the system, effective components such as sodium, aluminum, carbon, lithium and