Transparent modified bio-based material capable of being biologically composted and degraded, and capable of realizing performance same as that of film material in self-adhesion application field

The invention relates to a transparent modified bio-based material capable of being biologically composted and degraded. The transparent modified bio-based material has the same performance as a thin film material in the field of self-adhesion application. The preparation method comprises the following steps: providing a bio-based material; coating a cellulose solution containing a cellulose modifier on one surface of the bio-based material; hot pressing is performed under the conditions of 10-20 MPa and 90-130 DEG C, so that the cellulose modifier is grafted to the surface of the bio-based material; further coating UV base oil on the surface of the bio-based material grafted with the cellulose modifier; and carrying out UV irradiation on the surface of the bio-based material coated with the UV base oil so as to cure the UV base oil to form a degradable polymer, wherein at least part of the degradable polymer and the cellulose modifier grafted on the surface of the bio-based material are connected by covalent