Broadband lightweight high-efficiency SAR antenna, antenna array plane and transceiving method

The invention relates to a broadband lightweight high-efficiency SAR antenna, an antenna array plane and a transceiving method, and the SAR antenna comprises a radiation waveguide which is formed by forming a symmetric bias gap in a single ridge waveguide and is used for radiating electromagnetic waves from a coupling waveguide to a space or receiving space electromagnetic waves and transmitting the electromagnetic waves to the coupling waveguide; the coupling waveguide is formed by forming an I-shaped coupling slot in the single ridge waveguide and is used for bidirectionally coupling the electromagnetic waves converted by the coaxial waveguide to the two radiation waveguides or receiving the space electromagnetic waves from the radiation waveguides and transmitting the space electromagnetic waves to the coaxial waveguide for conversion; and the coaxial waveguide conversion is formed by introducing a single ridge waveguide and a metal cylinder, and is used for converting the electromagnetic wave and transmit