Carbon dioxide capture steam reforming hydrogen production system and method

The invention discloses a system and a method for hydrogen production through carbon dioxide trapping and steam reforming. The hydrogen production system comprises a hydrogenation reactor, a desulfurization reactor, a pre-conversion reactor, a steam reforming reactor, a solid oxide electrolytic tank, a pressure swing adsorption device and a medium-pressure steam pocket; wherein a solid oxide electrolytic tank is adopted to electrolyze the steam reforming hydrogen production tail gas, and steam in the tail gas is further converted into hydrogen; and blowing oxygen generated by the anode of the solid oxide electrolytic tank by using flue gas of the heating furnace and using the oxygen as combustion-supporting gas of the heating furnace. The hydrogen yield is increased, the water vapor utilization rate is increased, and the subsequent cooling load is reduced; and moreover, no nitrogen oxide pollutant is generated during combustion of the heating furnace, and pure carbon dioxide can be obtained without separation