Foundation braking device, axle and railway vehicle

The invention relates to the technical field of railway vehicles, and provides a foundation braking device, an axle and a railway vehicle. The basic brake device is arranged between the steering knuckle and the hub, the basic brake device comprises a brake disc and a brake clamp, the brake disc is fixedly arranged on the hub, and the axis of the brake disc coincides with the axis of the hub; the brake clamp is fixedly arranged on the steering knuckle and comprises a pair of brake pads and a brake cylinder, the pair of brake pads are distributed on the two sides of the brake disc in the axis direction of the brake disc, and the brake cylinder is suitable for driving the pair of brake pads to be close to or away from the brake disc. The brake disc and the brake clamp are arranged between the steering knuckle and the hub, the space between the brake disc and the brake clamp is fully utilized, the brake disc and the brake clamp are arranged in the transverse direction of the bogie, occupied space in the longitudi