Hollow shell-shaped silicon-based adsorbent prepared from coal gangue as well as preparation method and application of hollow shell-shaped silicon-based adsorbent

The invention provides a hollow shell-shaped silicon-based adsorbent prepared from coal gangue as well as a preparation method and application of the hollow shell-shaped silicon-based adsorbent, and belongs to the technical field of coal-based solid waste high-value utilization and wastewater treatment. Activated coal gangue is used as a raw material, yeast is used as a template, and a liquid phase-electrostatic self-assembly method is adopted to prepare the shell-shaped silicon-based adsorbent. The cell wall of the yeast mainly comprises glucan, mannan, chitin and protein, active functional groups contained in the cell wall are carbonyl, amine, hydroxyl, phosphorus and the like in essence, and the active functional groups can be combined with silicon-based cations through coordination or electrostatic interaction, so that a silicon-based material is loaded on the cell wall of the yeast to form a shell-shaped coating layer; and further burning out the yeast through calcination to obtain the hollow silicon-bas