Ultra-precise vertical axis balancing system and machining system

The invention relates to the technical field of ultra-precision machining and detection, and provides an ultra-precision vertical shaft balance system and a machining system. The ultra-precise vertical shaft balance system comprises a base, an energy accumulator, a balance assembly and a connecting assembly. The balance assembly comprises two balance cylinders, the two balance cylinders are arranged on the base in parallel in the vertical direction at intervals, each balance cylinder comprises a cylinder body, a cylinder rod and a piston, the first end of each cylinder rod is located in the corresponding cylinder body, each piston is arranged at the first end of the corresponding cylinder rod and located in the corresponding cylinder body, and the two spaces, located above and below the corresponding piston, in the corresponding cylinder body are communicated and equal in pressure. The energy accumulator is connected with the two cylinder bodies; the connecting assembly comprises a connecting rod, the first e