Shield tunneling machine auxiliary rock breaking device and method adopting microwave radiation to heat expansion material

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel excavation, in particular to a shield tunneling machine auxiliary rock breaking device and method adopting microwave radiation to heat an expansion material, the shield tunneling machine auxiliary rock breaking device comprises a shield tunneling machine and a shield tunneling machine cutterhead system, a positioning mechanism comprises a telescopic hydraulic connecting rod and a hydraulic oil cylinder, and a microwave system comprises a telescopic microwave emitting rod and a microwave emitting device. The moving mechanism is used for moving the microwave system; the telescopic hydraulic connecting rod is used for moving the microwave system up and down; the expansion mechanism comprises an expansion body, a plugging body and an annular plugging steel plate, the expansion body is placed in a drill hole of the rock mass, the telescopic microwave emission rod can be inserted into the expansion body, and a microwave emission device of the microwave system e