Preparation method and application of atomic-scale Lewis acid-base site modified functional carbon material

The invention discloses a preparation method of an atomic-scale Lewis acid-base site modified functional carbon material, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a polymer to obtain a polymer sample; (2) modifying a polymer to obtain a modified polymer sample; (3) carbonizing the polymer: carrying out heat treatment on the modified polymer sample in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to carbonize the modified polymer sample; after carbonization is finished, the system is naturally cooled; and then washing and drying to obtain the target functional carbon material. The carbon material is subjected to in-situ modification by utilizing Lewis acidic metal sites and alkaline N sites which are dispersed in an atomic scale, the prepared functional carbon material is large in specific surface area, developed in pore structure and rich in acid-base sites and is in atomic scale distribution, the density of the functional sites on the surface of the carbon material and the adsorption efficiency of the carbon material