Structural soft soil vacuum preloading field model test device and method

The invention discloses a structural soft soil vacuum preloading field model test device and method.The test device comprises a sampling cutting ring cylinder, a cutting lifting plate, an upper sealing cover, a permeable stone, a drainage plate, a connecting hose, an air pump, a monitoring device, a flexible sealing film, a heap load and the like. A soil body is lifted out through a cutting lifting plate and placed on a field permeable stone, meanwhile, a drainage plate and a monitoring device are arranged through a cutting tool, disturbance of a test to structural soft soil is reduced to the maximum extent, and therefore an optimal vacuum preloading reinforcement scheme closer to the actual engineering field is obtained. The test device is flexible in structure, can be applied to large-volume soft soil field model tests in different modes such as vacuum preloading, surcharge preloading and vacuum-surcharge combined preloading, and can meet the requirements of different drainage channel designs, different vac