Metal Rh-based catalyst anchored by metal organic framework as well as preparation method and application of metal Rh-based catalyst

The invention discloses a metal Rh-based catalyst anchored by a metal organic framework as well as a preparation method and application of the metal Rh-based catalyst, and relates to the field of catalysts. The catalyst is composed of a metal organic framework, a phosphine ligand and metal Rh atoms anchored on the surface of the metal organic framework, the metal Rh atoms are coordinated with P atoms in the phosphine ligand, and the metal Rh atoms are also coordinated with carboxylate radicals and amino groups of the organic ligand on the surface of the metal organic framework to form coordinate bonds; the metal Rh-based catalyst is anchored on the metal organic framework to form the active supported metal Rh-based catalyst, so that efficient hydroformylation performance can be realized, inactivation of active components is slowed down, and the supported metal Rh-based catalyst is used for long-chain olefin hydroformylation reaction, has relatively high conversion rate and selectivity, and is suitable for ind