System and method for decomposing adjacent dense components of gear transmission system vibration signals

The invention discloses an adjacent dense fault characteristic component decomposition system and method for a vibration signal of a gear transmission system, and the system comprises a fault characteristic order library unit, an envelope signal generation unit, an arbitrary-order harmonic decomposition unit, and a monitoring index construction unit. Wherein the fault feature order library unit calculates the fault feature order of a measured vibration signal by using the existing gear dynamics and kinematics knowledge; the envelope signal generation unit performs time-varying filtering on a signal component near an instantaneous meshing frequency on a measured vibration signal time-frequency surface, and calculates a modulation component of an instantaneous meshing frequency component; the arbitrary-order harmonic decomposition unit determines the instantaneous frequency of each fault feature component according to the rotating speed of the input shaft and the fault feature order, and jointly solves all posi