Vertical shaft excavation supporting structure and construction method

The invention discloses a vertical shaft excavation supporting structure which comprises a plurality of soil retaining assemblies arranged in a vertical shaft up and down, each soil retaining assembly comprises a pair of symmetrically-arranged arc-shaped soil retaining plates, and the soil retaining plates cling to the side wall of the vertical shaft and are vertically arranged; the pair of connecting pieces are arranged at the butt joint positions of the pair of soil retaining plates respectively and are detachably connected with the two soil retaining plates; the cross-shaped supporting body is arranged in the middle of the vertical shaft and is detachably connected with the soil retaining plate and the connecting piece; and the bottoms of the soil retaining plates, the bottoms of the connecting pieces and the bottoms of the supporting bodies of the previous group of soil retaining assemblies are correspondingly and detachably connected with the tops of the soil retaining plates, the tops of the connecting