Dual-optical-path snapshot reflection-type coded aperture spectrum polarization imaging system and dual-optical-path snapshot reflection-type coded aperture spectrum polarization imaging method

The invention belongs to the technical field of spectral polarization imaging, and particularly relates to a dual-optical-path snapshot reflection-type coding aperture spectral polarization imaging system and method, and the system comprises a front-end imaging module, a polarization coding module, a beam splitter, a spectrum coding module, and a data collection and processing module. The front-end imaging module comprises an objective lens and a collimating lens and is used for acquiring scene incident light and outputting the scene incident light in a collimating manner. The polarization coding module comprises two high-order optical delayers and a linear polarizer in sequence, so that the polarization information of a scene is modulated into a spectrum channel, and the spectrum information of polarization modulation is output. The beam splitter divides the polarization modulation light beam into two beams, and one beam is acquired by the color polarization camera and serves as physical prior information; t