Back wall deformation monitoring system and method for pipe jacking construction

The invention relates to the technical field of rectangular pipe jacking construction monitoring, and provides a back wall deformation monitoring system and method for pipe jacking construction, and the system comprises a distributed sensing optical fiber strain monitoring mechanism which comprises distributed sensing optical fibers; the distributed sensing optical fiber is arranged in a stress area, corresponding to the pipe jacking support, of the back of the back wall; the displacement monitoring mechanism comprises an LVDT displacement sensor; the LVDT displacement sensor is arranged on a stress area, corresponding to the pipe jacking support, of the back of the back wall. The reaction frame strain monitoring mechanism comprises a plurality of reaction frames and vibrating wire strain gauges; the reaction frames are supported on a stress area, corresponding to the jacking pipe support, of the back of the back wall at intervals; and the vibrating wire strain gauge is arranged on the reaction frame. Accordi