Transgenic porcine cartilage extracellular matrix microcarrier and preparation method and application of cartilage micro-tissue

The invention provides a preparation method and application of a transgenic porcine cartilage extracellular matrix microcarrier and a cartilage micro-tissue. According to the invention, alpha-1, 3 galactosyltransferase (alpha-gal) genes are knocked out from the gene level, so that cartilage naturally lacks main specific immune antigens, meanwhile, most of cell components causing immune reaction are removed, and a large amount of cartilage extracellular matrix components and three-dimensional space structures capable of guiding cartilage regeneration are retained; therefore, the artificial cartilage has lower immunogenicity and is more suitable for repairing human articular cartilage defects. The cartilage extracellular matrix microcarrier xenograft is low in immunogenicity, is of a millimeter-level and micron-level structure, can be used for accurately matching various sizes of clinical cartilage defects, solves the problem that clinical allograft sources are insufficient, and is a very promising medical cart