Fuel cell online fault monitoring and early warning method, device and control system

The invention discloses a fuel cell on-line fault monitoring and early warning method and device and a control system. The method comprises the following steps: collecting related operation data of a to-be-monitored fuel cell; firstly, a real-time output voltage value is monitored, if abnormity occurs, the change rate of the fuel cell is calculated according to related operation data of the fuel cell, whether the change rate of the fuel cell is abnormal or not is judged, if yes, fault type diagnosis is carried out, and if not, monitoring is carried out again; taking the change rate of the fuel cell as a fault characteristic value, inputting the fault characteristic value into the constructed fault prediction model, and outputting a predicted fault type of the fuel cell; and sending out a fault signal according to the quantified fault degree, and taking a corresponding early warning control measure according to the fault signal. The problem that the accuracy, the stability and the real-time performance of onli