Device and method for measuring absorption coefficient and scattering coefficient of aerosol

The device comprises a light source module, a silencing cavity, a photon counter, a calculation module and a photodiode, the silencing cavity comprises a luminosity ball and absorption cavities located at the two ends of the luminosity ball, and the absorption cavities at the two ends are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the luminosity ball; a gas inlet and a gas outlet are formed in the tops of the two ends of the absorption cavity, and a light inlet optical glass fixing frame and a light outlet optical glass fixing frame are arranged at two ports of the absorption cavity. The light-in optical glass is fixed at the axis center of one end of the absorption cavity close to the gas inlet, the light-out optical glass is fixed at the axis center of one end of the absorption cavity close to the gas outlet, and the top end of the photometric ball is provided with a scattered signal collection port. According to the invention, the integrating sphere scattering measurement technology and the cavity ring-dow